Abstract


Nietzsche's Criticisms of Socrates and Plato's Identity of Reason and Virtue and the Evaluation of These Criticisms in Terms of the Philosophy of Education

Philosophy has been an area based on questioning and curiosity, which, in its structure, meets people's desire to "know" for centuries. Man is an entity that wants to know and strives in this way, and this effort is possible with reason. Philosophy is that man tries to understand and illuminate the universe through reason. It uses the human mind to create a number of behavioral changes in itself, which is covered by education. In this context, it is an undeniable fact that there is a close relationship between education and philosophy. When it comes to education, many philosophers have directly or indirectly reconciled their philosophies with education. Two of them are Socrates and Plato. Socrates and Plato studied education in terms of philosophy. Socrates believed in the power of education and knowledge and glorified the mind in this way, he identified with virtue and knowledge, and Plato continued these views of Socrates, causing them to be criticized by Nietzsche. Socrates argues that as a moral philosopher, a moral life can bring happiness to man, but this is also possible in a rational way. His successor, Plato, also supports socrates' views. At this point, Nietzsche opposes the human being being beings. Because according to Nietzsche, the only way to treat a person as a mental being is to push his feelings aside. Such a situation is unacceptable to Nietzsche. A man is as much a presence of emotion as he is a mind being. From this point of view, Socrates' philosophy based on "happiness=virtue=reason" is not possible for Nietzsche. According to Nietzsche, happiness is more about instinct than reason. At this point, the reason for Nietzsche's criticism of Plato is that, as in Socrates, the mind is synonymous with virtue and virtue with happiness.

Keywords

Education, Philosophy, Reason, Morality
Kaynakça

Arslan, A. (2013). Felsefeye Giriş, Ankara: Adres.

Baykan, F. (2008). Nietzsche’nin Felsefesi, Ankara: BilgeSu.

Bayrakdar, M. (2015). “Nietzsche”, Doğudan Batı’ya Düşüncenin Serüveni: Yeni Çağ Düşüncesi, Bayram Ali Çetinkaya (ed.), İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, C. 3.

Bingöl, Z. K. (2017). Nietzsche’de Ahlâk, Din ve Felsefe Eleştirisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Felsefe Anabilim Dalı, Erzurum.

Celâleddin, H. (2019). Nietzsche’nin Altı Günü ve Yedinci Günü: Tanrı’nın Ölümü, İstanbul: Edebi Şeyler.

Deleuze, G. (2016). Nietzsche. İstanbul: Otonom.

Erdem, H. (2014). İlkçağ Felsefesi Tarihi, Konya: Hü-er.

Granier, J. (2014). Nietzsche, Ankara: Dost.

Işık, S. (2020). “Mitosa Karşı Logos Ya Da Dionysos’a Karşı Sokrates: Tragedyanın Doğuşu’nda Felsefe ve Sanat Karşıtlığı”, Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, S. 12.

Kantarcı, Z. (2013). “Sokrates ve Eğitim Felsefesi”, Mavi Atlas GŞÜ Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 1.

Küçükalp, K.  (2017). Nietzsche ve Postmodernizm, İstanbul: Kibele.

Kuçuradi, İ. (2016). Nietzsche ve İnsan. Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu.

Nietzsche, F. (2006). Dionysos Dithyrambosları, Murat Batmankaya (çev.), İstanbul: Say.

Nietzsche, F. (2009). İnsanca Pek İnsanca- 1, Mustafa Tüzel (çev.), İstanbul:  Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür.

Nietzsche, F. (2011). Ahlâkın Soykütüğü Bir Polemik, Zeynep Alangoya (çev.), İstanbul: Kabalcı.

Nietzsche, F. (2013a) Tan Kızıllığı: Ahlâksal Önyargılar Üzerine Düşünceler, Özden Saatçi (çev.), İstanbul: Say.

Nietzsche, F. (2013b). İyinin ve Kötünün Ötesinde, Ahmet İnam (çev.), İstanbul: Say.

Nietzsche, F. (2019a). Putların Alacakaranlığı, İsmet Zeki Eyüboğlu (çev.), İstanbul: Say.

Nietzsche, F. (2019b). Tragedyanın Doğuşu, Mustafa Tüzel (çev.), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür.

Nietzsche, F. (2020). Güç İstenci, Nilüfer Epçeli (çev.), İstanbul: Say.

Pearson, K. A. (2011). Kusursuz Nihilist, Cem Soydemir (çev.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı.

Soysal, S. (2020). Nietzsche: Perspektivizm, Güç İstenci, Doğruluk, İstanbul: Say.

Türkyılmaz, Ç. (2016). Bunalım Çağı, Ankara: Bibliotech.

Whitehead’da akt. Öner, E. ve Çevikbaş, S. (2018). “Nietzsche’nin Platon Eleştirisi: Platoncu Değerlerin Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi,” Kaygı, 31.